Zoopharmacognosy: Nature?s Pharmacy Used by Animals
Zoopharmacognosy: Nature’s Pharmacy used by animals
Author’s name: Prof. Pradeep Mishra, Bhupesh C Semwal, Sonia SIngh*
Introduction: Self-medicating behavior is a topic of rapidly growing interest to behaviorists, parasitologists, ethnobotanists, chemical ecologists, conservationists, and physicians. Scientists from various disciplines are currently exploring the possibility that many species use plants, soils, insects, and fungi as ‘medicines’ in ways that guard against future illness (preventive medicine) and/or relieve unpleasant symptoms (curative or therapeutic medicine). It is important to note that the scientific study of animal self-medication is not based on an assumption that animals possess an innate ‘wisdom’ by which they flawlessly know what is good for them. Self-medication strategies are survival skills honed by natural selection. In most cases self-medication could be motivated by a desire to immediately reduce unpleasant sensations. Some species, particularly great apes, show an intention of purpose in their medication and in these cases the term ‘zoopharmacognosy’ was coined to describe the process by which wild animals select and use specific plants with medicinal properties for the treatment and prevention of disease1.
In other words we can say that, “Zoopharmacognosy” refers to the process by which animal self-medicate, by selecting and utilizing plants and soils and insects to treat and prevent disease. Coined by Dr.Eloy Rodriguez a biochemist and professor at Cornell University, the word is derived from roots zoo (”animal”), pharma (”drug”), and gnosy (”knowing”)2. Since ancient times people have recorded observations of animals apparently healing themselves with natural medicines. Many herbs still retain a common name that infers this use: dog-grass (Agropyron repens), catnip (Nepeta cataria), and horny goat weed (Epimedium sp.), to name a few. However, these observations remain largely unexplored by science. Many stories of animal self-medication are clearly designed to inform and communicate herbal lore rather than fact. Others are simply misinterpretations of animal behaviour.
How To Use Funny Humor In Business For Profit: Powerful Marketing Tool
Have you been told that you have a good sense of humor throughout your life? Do you find that things are easier to understand when they are described in a humorous way? Humor helps us appreciate the good times and smile through the bad times. Humor is a good memory tool. It is part of who we are as humans.
Perhaps you enjoy a good joke every now and then, or you find yourself seeing the funny side of things. Did you ever think that you could use humor to make money? Many people use humor as a marketing tool to make money, and not just stand-up comedians and television writers.
If you are an exceptional observer and commentator, if you spend time analyzing jokes and why they are funny, if you want to spend many years working hard to make it, then you very well may have what it takes to be a successful stand-up comedian.
For most of us, however, getting on stage and speaking in front of people is not something we want to do. Some people are terrified of speaking in front of a group; it’s the number one phobia world-wide.
There are many other ways to make a good living using humor. Try to think of commercials that are particularly effective. Chances are the commercials you thought about were funny. This is because a good joke is memorable. Advertisers have understood this for decades.
Las Vegas and Henderson Cultural Arts
Only minutes from the bright and glittering city of Las Vegas, Henderson is one of the nations top resort destinations for business and pleasure, often called a Diamond in the Desert. If you’re looking for Las Vegas cultural arts, you’re not that far away from the best Nevada has to offer.
The annual ArtFest of Henderson is the largest art festival in the Southern part of Nevada, and has been a tradition on Mother’s Day weekend for over 10 years. Over 200 artists from across the United States display, and sell some of the most stunning artwork you can imagine, from pottery, jewelry, photography, and more. The festival has many activities including live jazz and other entertainment, a new food and beverage court and an expanded Kids’ art gallery.
Culturally speaking some of the visual arts in Henderson are galleries, exhibitions, and public art. Throughout Henderson you can find evidence of Public Art, such as sculptural and mural works and the Gallery at Liberty Pointe has rotating exhibits featuring local Henderson artists.
Nevada Performing Arts are Thursday Night Live, and Fall Season 2008. Every Thursday evening the City of Henderson Cultural Arts and Tourism Department hosts free performances at 8:00pm. You can find these free performances at the Henderson Convention Center in downtown Henderson.
Thursday Night Live is a cultural arts series that showcases local and emerging talent in a setting that is great for people of all ages. Named by Prevention magazine Henderson is the sixth best walking city in America ahead of San Diego, and Seattle. All in all Henderson has more than 37 miles of trails.
Discover How to Download Free Psp Movies
Sony PSP is so popular with gamers, they can play games anywhere and anytime with their PSP. But PSP is a multipurpose piece of gadget; it is not just for games but you can also watch movies and TV shows. Watching movies is another cool feature of PSP that you can enjoy but investing on UMD movie disk is expensive and you have to pay for every single movie. Fortunately, the internet allows you to download free PSP movies and here are some options for you:
Totally free PSP download sites. Try to search in the internet for these free PSP download sites and you will easily find tons of websites all over the net. Upon entering these websites, ads and pop-ups will greet you which could be a source of spyware and malicious viruses that could infect your PC. Be wary with websites offering totally free downloads and be clever, they could be scam sites with poor quality downloads embedded with viruses. To download free PSP movies from these sites is a big risk.
One time payment for unlimited PSP downloads. Another way to download free PSP movies is through membership site. This is not totally free because you need to pay for the membership but with just one payment you can have unlimited access to download free PSP movies, TV shows, games, etc. There are no additional fees ever after a membership is purchased. Members received unlimited access to millions of files ready to be downloaded to their PSP. You can download free PSP movies and games in full versions, exactly like the original. Compared to the cost of a single UMD movie disk, and the viruses that you ill get from freebies websites, this unlimited PSP download membership site is the best choice to download free PSP movies.
Animals and Birds Should be Cage Free
It probably began in the past when man began to understand the beauty of animals. Coupled with his power over them, he probably decided that he wanted to have the beautiful animals that he had encountered on his hunting trips to be near him. Through the centuries, man has domesticated quite a few animals to serve his needs, and sometimes to serve no need at all. It is one thing to keep an animal nearby to serve one’s needs but it is cruel to want to keep them ‘just for fun’. Hence, keeping animals and birds in cages is quite ridiculous if not cruel.
It is most definitely cruel to keep any animal or bird in captivity; worse still confined in cages. An animal or bird is so carefree in its own environment. It knows of no restrictions. It goes about its own business of eating and drinking and creating babies. Even domestic animals would like to walk about and act according to their instincts and desires. Caging them would deprive them of this. How often have we seen caged animals pacing their cages in futile attempts to escape? Can we imagine the frustration that they feel? What do we get in making a creature furious, frustrated and depressed? Yet humans do it all the time. Since we would think it cruel if someone were to cage us, it stands to reason that we should not do it to others, even animals and birds. The sense of justice we hold so dear when it comes to humans should be extended to all living creatures.
